What is a computer and its characteristics?

What is a Computer?

• The word "computer" comes from the word "compute", which means "to calculate".
• A computer is an electronic device capable of performing arithmetic operations very quickly.
• It is often called a data processor because it can:
  1. Store data: Keep information in memory for future use.
  2. Process data: Perform operations like calculations or logical tasks on the data.
  3. Retrieve data: Access stored information whenever needed

Characteristics of Computers (Simplified Explanation)

1. Automatic
   A computer can work on a task automatically once it is given instructions. It does not need human help to continue working.

2. Speed
   Computers process data extremely fast. Their speed is usually measured in very small time units:

   • Microseconds: One-millionth of a second (10⁻⁶).
   • Nanoseconds: One-billionth of a second (10⁻⁹).
   • Picoseconds: One-trillionth of a second (10⁻¹²).

3. Accuracy
   Computers are very accurate. Their accuracy depends on their design. However, they can make mistakes if the input data is wrong or if the program has errors. This is known as "Garbage In, Garbage Out" (GIGO), meaning bad input leads to bad output.

4. Diligence
   Unlike humans, computers do not get tired or bored. They can work continuously for long hours without losing focus or making mistakes.

5. Versatility
   Computers can perform a wide range of tasks. If a task can be broken down into logical steps, a computer can do it.

6. Power of Remembering
   Computers can store and recall vast amounts of information thanks to their secondary storage devices. They only lose or forget data if explicitly instructed to do so.

7. No I.Q.
   Computers do not have intelligence. They only follow the instructions given to them by humans through programming. They cannot make independent decisions.

8. No Feelings
   Computers lack emotions. They operate based on logic and the instructions in their programs, without any personal judgment or feelings